Старі кладовища як рефугіум степової флори на Півдні України
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2021-17-3-1Ключові слова:
Нижнє Дніпро, степ, об’єкти культурної спадщини,судинні рослини, флора, созофіти, in situ.Анотація
Зміни природних ландшафтів та господарська діяльність призводить до втрати великої частки степів. Недавні дослідження (протягом 2008–2017) продемонстрували високе значення існування старих цвинтарів, які сприяють збереженню степових созофітів. Площа старих цвинтарів Нижнього Дніпра коливається від 0.43 га до 6,79 га. У список флори судинних рослин входять 388 видів з 10 цвинтарів. Загальне багатство видів варіювало від 104 до 217 (у середньому по видів 154 види). Флора старих цвинтарів включає до 226 родів, 62 родини, 3 класи та 2 відділи. Зазвичай на цвинтарях Нижнього Дніпра зустрічаються рідкісні види, які протягом тривалого часу зберігаються на старих цвинтарях та сприяють збереженню виду in situ разом зі степовим покривом, проте рослинний покрив зберігається не на всіх цвинтарях, а лише на тих, які були закладені на цілинній та нерозораній ділянці степу, поблизу старих сел чи міст. На старих цвинтарях знайдено 22 видів судинних рослин 5,65 %, які підлягають охороні з них 5 видів рослин включені до Червоної книги України: Astragalus henningii, Stipa capillata, Stipa lessingiana, Stipa ucrainica, Tulipa biebersteiniana, та 17 видів судинних рослин, які включено до Червоного Списку Херсонської області: Amygdalus nana, Bellevalia sarmatica, Centaurea trichocephalla, Convallaria majalis, Dianthus andrzejowskianus, Elytrigia pseudocaesia, Ephedra distachya, Fraxinus excelsior, Iris halophila, Limonium platyphyllum, Linaria macroura, Muscari neglectum, Peucedanum ruthenicum, Prangos odontalgica, Quercus robur, Veronica capsellicarpa, Vinca herbacea.
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