Нові відомості про флори інтродукційних установ міст Києва і Білої Церкви (Київська область)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2022-18-1-2Ключові слова:
спонтанна флора, ботанічний сад, дендропарк, чужорідні рослини, натуралізація, нові знахідки.Анотація
Наведено результати моніторингу спонтанного рослинного покриву кількох провідних інтродукційних установ Правобережної України: Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (м. Київ), Державного дендрологічного парку «Олександрія» НАН України (м. Біла Церква) і Сирецького дендрологічного парку загальнодержавного значення (м. Київ), який проводився упродовж 2020–2021 років. На території Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка було виявлено у дикорослому вигляді 82 нових таксонів (види і підвиди) і нині історична спонтанна флора саду включає 730 таксонів (видів і підвидів), із яких 418 – аборигенні, 173 – втікачі з культури, 139 – ксенофіти. В ході моніторингу були виявлені місцезростання деяких малопоширених аборигенних рослин: Hieracium sabaudum subsp. virgultorum, Pilosella plicatula, Taraxacum scanicum, Tragopogon ucrainicus тощо. Важливими є знахідки деяких прогресуючих ксенофітів: Dysphania ambrosioides, Epilobium ciliatum subsp. adenocaulon, Erechtites hieracifolia, Erigeron strigosus, Euphorbia maculata, Hordeum bulbosum, Lamium amplexicaule var. orientale. Серед нових втікачів з культури високі показники натуралізації проявили: Arum elongatum, A. maculatum, Castanea sativa, Muscari armeniacum, Ornithogalum boucheanum тощо. Вперше узагальнено відомості про принаймні 20 натуралізованих ергазіофітів, які розповсюдилися за межі ботанічного саду на прилеглі території м. Києва. На території парку «Олександрія» виявлено 21 новий таксон, зокрема ендемічний вид Myosotis ucrainica. За новими даними, дикоросла флора дендропарку включає 850 таксонів, із яких 581 – аборигенний, а 269 – адвентивні. Також, було виявлено 4 види, які вважалися зниклими, включаючи 2 природні місцезростання видів із Червоної книги України: Neottia nidus-avis і Stipa pennata. У доповненні до спонтанної флори Сирецького дендропарку важливими є відомості переважно про адвентивні рослини. Надзвичайно цінними є знахідки спонтанних місцезростань 11 деревних втікачів із культури у долині струмка Курячий Брід, поруч із Сирецьким дендропарком, включаючи: Fagus sylvatica, Lonicera xylosteum, Rubus occidentalis, Taxus baccata.
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