Флора Поділля: сучасний стан вивченості, доповнення і критичні замітки
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2024-20-1-3Ключові слова:
біорізноманіття, рослини, Вінницька область, Одеська область, Хмельницька область, Миколаївська область, Південний Буг, Дністер, зміни клімату, інвазіїАнотація
Наведено результати багаторічних флористичних досліджень на території Поділля (переважно в межах Правобережного Лісостепу), здійснених упродовж 2007–2023 років. За їх результатами було виявлено нові місцезнаходження 84 видів і підвидів флори, серед яких 58 аборигенних і 26 чужорідних таксонів (серед них 16 ергазіофігофітів і 10 ксенофітів). Вперше виявлено у флорі Поділля 11 видів і підвидів: Epilobium ciliatum, Gypsophila perfoliata, Lotus stepposus, Pilosella × piloselliflora, Plantago major subsp. intermedia, Polygonum novoascanicum, P. rurivagum, Spiraea litwinowii, Tragopogon dasyrhynchus, Viola hymettia, Zizania latifolia; 4 види вперше виявлено у флорі Східного Поділля: Mirabilis nyctaginea, Polygonum arenastrum, Rubus hirtus і Vitis riparia. Наведено 30 нових видів і підвидів для флори Вінниць-кої області, 8 нових видів для флори Миколаївської області, 4 нові види для флори Одеської області та 2 нові види для флори Кіровоградської області. Найбільше нових і цікавих знахідок аборигенних рослин сконцентровані у трьох природних районах Східного Поділля: уздовж долини р. Дністер на півдні Вінницької області; на півдні Середнього Побужжя на межі Вінницької, Кіровоградської, Миколаївської та Одеської областей (включаючи Савранські піски); і на території Прибузького полісся північніше м. Вінниця. Ці території приурочені до долин річок Дністер і Південний Буг і раніше були відомі як природні центри концентрації флористичного різноманіття. Проведені дослідження вказують на актуа-льність подальшого вивчення і моніторингу цих територій. Корінні схили долини р. Дністер відіграють визначну роль в якості природного міграційного коридору, що пов’язує степову флору Південного і Західного Поділля. Вперше виявлено 11 нових рослин у цьому екокоридорі на півдні Вінницької області, зокрема, Ephedra distachya, Lactuca viminea, Onobrychis gracilis. Детально уточнено поширення Quercus pubescens на північній межі ареалу у Вінницькій області. Доповнено відомості про флори Савранських пісків та засолених лук по р. Кодима. Відзначено, що власний ендемізм Савранських пісків практично відсутній, а їх флорокомплекс виявлено в околицях м. Гайворон Кіровоградської області та частково простежено до м. Бершадь Вінницької області. На півночі Східного Поділля нові для регіону види флори виявлені у Прибузькому поліссі. Відзначено деякі особливості адвентизації флори Поділля, яка переваж-но відбувається дещо повільніше від інших регіонів. На основі критичного опрацювання флори розгля-нуто 10 таксонів, які наводилися для території Поділля (або його окремих територій) з різних причин помилково, зокрема: Hylotelephium anacampseros, H. telephium, Symphytum orientale та ін. Встановлено, що нині накопичилося багато флористичних матеріалів по флорі Поділля, але належним чином узагаль-нені відомості лише по флорі Хмельницької області, для якої наводиться 1649 видів. Для інших регіонів Поділля в межах адміністративних областей залишається актуальним проведення інвентаризації флори, зокрема, для Вінницької області, флора якої за попередньою оцінкою охоплює понад 1750 дикорослих видів і підвидів.
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