Fallows are a powerful natural and historical reserve for the reproduction, preservation and enrichment of biodiversity within the framework of the program objectives of the European Green Course
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2024-20-3-3Keywords:
agricultural land, demutational successions, flora, invasive species, vegetationAbstract
Question: How can fallow lands become a reserve for the creation of new protected areas or the expansion of existing ones for the fulfilment of the tasks of the European Green Course? Locations: Ukrainian Polissіa, Steppe, Transcarpathia. Methods: field research, data analysis Nomenclature: Mosyakin & Fedoronchuk 1999. Results: The results of our study demonstrate that the time required for the restoration of quasi-zonal groups, the sequence of stages in the demu-tation process, and their duration are influenced by both the natural characteristics of the territory and anthropogenic factors. The autogenic successions of fallows observed demonstrate a diversity of forms, which is expected, given the range of typical ecological parameters associated with different land types. We provide illustrative examples of the characteristics and patterns of fallow overgrowth in the Ukrainian Polissia, Transcarpathia, and the forest-steppe and steppe zones. It can be concluded that fallows could serve as reserves for the reproduction, conservation and enrichment of biodiversity of the territories within the framework of the European Green Course program tasks. The implementation of tasks in the field of "green" agriculture entails a reduction in the areas of arable land and, consequently, an extension of the fallow areas. Such sites can be incorporated into the existing network of nature-protected areas or on their basis a new type of protected area can be established. We suggested that amendments to national legislation are essential to facilitate compensation to landowners whose property is subject on certain land use restrictions. Conclusions: Fallows are a reserve of territories for the reproduction, conservation and enrichment of biodiversity within the framework of the European Green Course program goals. The implementation of tasks in the field of “green” agriculture involves the reduction of arable land areas and, consequently, an increase in fallow areas. These can be incorporated into the existing nature reserve fund territories, or new territories can be established on their basis.
References
Alokhina, O.V., Korus, M.M., Turych, V.V., Shpakivska, I.M. & Yashchenko, P.T. (2022). Reforestation of the post-agroecosystems on the territory of the Shatsk's Lakes system. Lviv, 200 р. (in Ukrainian)
Bohovin, A., Dudnyk, S.V. & Ptashnik, M.M. (2003). Patterns of development of spontaneously regenerating grasslands. Collection of scientific works of the National Scientific Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. K.: EKMO, 4: 3–21. (in Ukrainian)
Bohovin, A.V., Dudnyk, S.V. & Ptashnik, M.M. (2008). Reproduction of plant cover on fallows. Scientific report of National University of life and Environmental sciences of Ukraine 2 (10): 1–12. (in Ukrainian)
Borovyk, L.P. (2008a). Natural and anthropogenic factors of succession on abandoned fields in Striltsivskyi Steppe (a branch of Luhansk Nature Reserve).Chornomorskyi Botanical Journal 4 (1): 98–106. (in Ukrainian)
Borovik, L.P. (2008b). Vegetation of the fallows as an important component of biodiversity conservation in eastern Ukraine (Luhansk Region). Odesa National University Herald 13 (16): 69–73. (in Russian)
Borovyk, L.P. (2021). Demutational dynamics of vegetation in the Luhansk Nature Reserve (Striltsivskyi Steppe). PhD thesis. Kyiv: M. H. Kholodny Institute of Botany. (in Ukrainian)
Dolyna, O.O. (2015). Edaphotopes and phytocoenoses of industrial landscapes of the Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin: spatial structure and features of formation. PhD thesis. Kyiv (in Ukrainian)
Dubyna, D.V. & Movchan, Ya.I. (ed). (2013). Ecological network of the steppe zone of Ukraine: principles of creation, structure, elements. Kyiv: LAT & K, 409 р. (in Ukrainian)
Kalinina, O., Goryachkin, S.V., Lyuri, D.I. & Giani, L. (2015). Post-agrogenic development of vegetation, soils and carbon stocks under self-restoration in different climatic zones of European Russia. Catena. 129: 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.016
Mapping the strategic goals of Ukraine and the EU in the context of the European Green Course: development vectors and flagship initiatives. Policy document (2021). Resource and Analysis Centre “Society and Environment”, 54 р. (in Ukrainian)
Khomiak, I.V. (2018). Effect of invasive transformer species on the dynamics of fallow land vegetation in Ukrainina Polissya. Biological resources and nature managment. Biology 10 (1–2): 29–35. (in Ukrainian) http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bio2018.01.004
Kondratyuk, Ye.N. & Chuprina, T.T. (1992). Feather steppes of Donbass. Current state and prospects for restoration. Kyiv, 171 p. (in Russian)
Korus, M.M. & Yashchenko, P.T. (2009). Sylvatisation of agricultural ecosystems of the Shatsk Lake basin as a form of their renaturalisation. Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin: Series: Biological Sciences 2 (2): 64–71. (in Ukrainian)
Korus, M.M. & Yashchenko, P.T. (2012). Vegetation successions in old ploughed habitats as localities of natural flora within the Western Polissia Biosphere Reserve in the process of their renaturalization. Nature of Western Polissya and the adjacent territories 9: 135–138. (in Ukrainian)
Lysohor, L.P., Bahrikova, N.O. & Krasova, O.O. (2016). Abandoned lands as perspective recovery elements of econetwork of the Right-Bank Steppe Dnipro area. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 73 (2): 116–125. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj73.02.116
Matviishyn, Ye.H. & Havriushyna, M.Ye. (2022). Forecasting the impact of russian military aggression on the volumes of production and export of ukrainian agricultural products. Efficiency of public administration 4 (73): 51–55. https://doi.org/10.36930/507308
Mosyakin, S.L. & Fedoronchuk, M.M. (1999). Vascular plants of Ukraine. A nomenclatural checklist, Kyiv, 345 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2985.0409
Oliinyk, M.P. & Parpan, V.I. (2017). Secondary succession of vegetation on abandoned lands of Transdnister Podillya. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 74 (3): 276–283. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj74.03.276
Osychniuk, V.V. (1973). Changes in the vegetation of the steppe. In: Vegetation of the Ukrainian SSR. Steppes, rocky outcrops, sands. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka: 249–315. (in Ukrainian)
Osychniuk, V.V. & Bokiievska, L.P. (1973). Some peculiarities of demutation of steppe vegetation. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 30 (4): 427–432. (in Ukrainian)
Pashkevych, N.A. & Havrylov, S.O. (2012). Transformation of the vegetation cover of fallow land in the Shatsk National Nature Park. Nature of Western Polissya and the adjacent territories 9: 139–142. (in Ukrainian)
Ruprecht, E. (2006). Successfully Recovered Grassland: A Promising Example from Romanian Old-Fields. Restoration Ecology 14 (3): 473–480.
Schierhorn, F., Müller, D., Beringer, T., Prishchepov, A.V., Kuemmerle, T. & Balmann, A. (2013). Post-Soviet cropland abandonment and carbon sequestration in European Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 24: 1175–1185. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GB004654
Shpakivska, I.M. & Storozhuk, I.M. (2013). The postagrarian transformation of the physical properties of the soil Verkhniodnistrovsky Beskydy Mts. Scientific bulletin of UNFU 23 (10): 45–50. (in Ukrainian)
Susyan, E.A., Wirth, S., Ananyeva, N.D. & Stolnikova, E.V. (2011). Forest succession on abandoned arable soils in European Russia – Impacts on microbial biomass, fungal-bacterial ratio, and basal CO2 respiration activity. European Journal of Soil Biology 47: 169–174.
Development of agricultural industry as a precondition for ensuring food security in Ukraine (2011). Kyiv: NISD, 39 р. (in Ukrainian).
Tkachenko, V.S. (1992). Autogenesis of the Ukrainian steppes. DSc thesis. Kyiv: M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany. (in Ukrainian)
Ustymenko, P.M., Dubyna, D.V. & Felbaba-Klushyna, L.M. (2015). Vegetation of the upper Tisza valley (Transcarpathian region): current state, phytocoenosis diversity, anthropogenic transformation, protection. Uzhhorod: TOV “IVA”, 128 р. (in Ukrainian)
Vedenkov, Ye.P. & Drogobich, N.Ye. (1997). On restoration succession of fallow vegetation in Askania Nova. Nature conservation in Ukraine 3 (2): 81–85. (in Russian)
Veremeienko, S.I. & Samchuk, Zh.S. (2013). Agro-ecological assessment of the state of fallow land in Minor Polissya of Ukraine. Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchayev. Seria «Soil science, agrochemistry,farming, forestry, ecology of soil» 2: 207–212. (in Ukrainian)
Yakubenko, B.Y., Popovych, S.Y., Ustymenko, P.M., Dubyna, D.V. & Churilov, A.M. (2017). Geobotany: methodological aspects of research. Study guide. Kyiv, Lira-K, 316 р. (in Ukrainian)
Yakubenko, B.Y. Yarmolenko, A.K. Tertyshnyi, A.P. & Churilov, A.M. (2014). Biomorphological analysis of the flora of regenerating grassland vegetation of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. Plant Introduction 4: 31–38. (in Ukrainian)
Zakharchuk, V.A. (2017). The influence of environmental factors on the restoration of forest ecosystems on fallow land in Zhytomyr Polissya. Agroecological journal 4: 117–122. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2017.219847
Zhukov, S.P. (2013). Assessment of the suitability of technogenic ecotopes’ conditions for the restoration of plant Cover. Science and Innovation 9 (4): 48–54. (in Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.15407/scin9.04.048
Zinchenko, T.Ie. (2012). Retrospective analysis and assessment of the current state of land use and protection. Effective economy 7. http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=1271 (in Ukrainian)
