Dicranum viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb. (Dicranaceae) within the Volcanic Carpathians (Ukraine): distribution and geobotanical characteristics of its communities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2022-18-3-5Keywords:
Ukrainian Carpathians, Volcanic ridge, bryophytes, place of growth, Bryocoenoses, Dicranetum viridis, protection of the gene pool.Abstract
Dicranum viride has not been the subject of a special studies in Ukraine until now, and there was no information about phytocoenotic peculiarities of the species. It is listed in a number of international red lists. In Ukraine, M.F. Boiko defined it as a rare species in certain regions. In the Ukrainian Carpathians, this species occurs more or less evenly in all floristic regions, except for the Transcarpathian lowland and the Transcarpathian foothills, at altitudes of 400–800 m a.s.l.. We revealed for the first time the locality of D. viride in the foothills of the Volcanic Ridge in the height range of 197–212 m a.s.l. In total, 27 new observation of this species were recorded on the Volcanic Ridge at altitudes of 195–800 m a.s.l., whereas until now only two finds were reported in the literature. Namely, 15 finds (55,6%) were recorded on stones, 9 on tree bark (33,3%), 3 on logs (11,1%). In the conditions of the Volcanic Carpathians, at the lowest relative altitudes of its distribution, the species prefers stone substrates, while according to literary data, within Europe it occurs mainly on the trunks of living trees in the height range of 300–1200 m a.s.l. Base on 12 relevés, a new association of Dicranetum viridis is described within the class of Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis of the Dicranetalia scoparii order, Dicrano scoparii- Hypnion filiformis alliance. Dicranum viride occurs with a cover of 1 to 5 points (on the Brown-Blanquet scale). It was revealed that Hypnum cupressiforme is a constant species in the communities. It should be noted that Homalothecium sericeum, Paraleucobryum longifolium, Schistidium apocarpum, and Isothecium alopecuroides most ofthen grow in the communities on stone substrates, while such species as Leucodon sciuroides, Orthotrichum patens, Anomodon viticulosus, Pseudanomodon attenuatus are permanent on a bark of trees. Furthermore, a comparative description of the species composition of the communities from the Ukrainian and Polish Carpathians is given. Also, a number of bryophytes such as Leucodon sciuroides, Porella platyphylla, Anomodon viticulosus, Pseudanomodon attenuatus, Orthotrichum patens, Radula complanata, Metzgeria furcata, Frullania dilatata, Isothecium alopecuroides, Ulota crispa were recorded as part of bryocommunities, which occur mainly in undisturbed or pristine forests. In order to preserve the gene pool of D. viride in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the creation of a forest reserve in the vicinity of the city of Uzhhorod in the Chervenytskyi forest tract is proposed, where the largest number of its licalities were recorded.
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