Старі цвинтарі міста Херсона як рефугіум степової флори
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2022-18-1-3Ключові слова:
Херсон, степ, об’єкти культурної спадщини,судинні рослини, флора, созофіти, in-situ.Анотація
Флора судинних рослин старих цвинтарів міста Херсона (Південь України) налічує 227 видів, які належать до 160 родів, 57 родин, 3 класів та 2 відділів. Дослідження проводилися протягом 2020–2021 років. Загалом було досліджено 3 цвинтарі: Херсонський Меморіальний (10,4509 га), Єврейський (2,5783 га) та Забалківський (9,486 га). Видове багатство варіює від 172 до 202 (у середньому 190 видів) на різних цвинтарях. Провідними за кількістю видів є родини Asteraceae (33), Poaceae (25), Fabaceae (15), Rosaceae (13), Chenopodiaceae (11), Brassicaceae (9), Boraginaceae (8), Caryophyllaceae (6), Lamiaceae (6), Veronicaceae (6). Систематична структура флори є типовою для степових флор, які знаходяться під значним антропогенним тиском. В спектрі життєвих форм домінують терофіти (45,2 %). Більшість терофітів є адвентивними рослинами, що свідчить про те, що така структура флори є результатом суттєвої антропогенної трансформації. Натомість, домінуючі в природних степових флорах гемікриптофіти займають друге місце (23,2 %). Порівняно з сільськими цвинтарями кладовища міста Херсона характеризуються вищими рівнем синатропізації флори. Майже половина видів флори є адвентивними (49 %). Не зважаючи на високий антропогенний тиск оточуючого урбанізованого середовища, у складі флори старих цвинтарів міста Херсона відмічається переважання аборигенних рослин (51 %), налічується досить багато несинатропних видів рослин (17,1 %), а також збереглося декілька раритетних видів рослин. Загалом на старих цвинтарях виявлено 7 (3,1 %) видів судинних рослин, які охороняються. Серед них Stipa capillata, включено до Червоної книги України, а Convallaria majalis, Ephedra distachya, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur, Muscari neglectum, Vinca herbacea – до Червоного Списку Херсонської області. Враховуючи природоохоронну цінність старих цвинтарів, необхідно оптимізувати їх використання.
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