An overview of the role of vicariance-based and dispersal-based concepts in the development of global historical geography of plants is provided. Formation of evolutionary historical biogeography as a science and development of the dynamic evolutionary paradigm of biogeography became possible only after evolutionary works of Ch. R. Darwin and A. R. Wallace. The names of Darwin, Wallace and J. D. Hooker are closely tied to the formation of dispersal-based and vicariance-based approaches and paradigms. Basic directions, concepts and contemporary trends of development of global historical phytogeography are considered in a historical aspect. It is shown that basic concepts and principles underlying the modern historical phytogeographical analysis are (1) the evolutionary approach and incorporation of phylogeny into the taxonomic systems and phytogeographical schemes; (2) principle of actualism (uniformitarianism), with the use of paleobotanical data; (3) contemporary paleogeographic and paleogeological reconstructions and concept (global tectonics, glacial theory and others); (4) theory and the methods of vicariance biogeography; (5) theory and methods of dispersal biogeography; (6) testing hypotheses with the aid of molecular methods, etc.

     An analysis of development of hydrobotanical researches in Ukraine for the last 20 years has been presented. There have been distinguished and briefly described the scientific trends, such as floristic, systematic, morphology-biological, ecological, geobotanical, phytosozological and resources. The urgent issues of the further researches have been considered. 

     The history of studying the flora of Crimea is divided into 8 periods according to standards proposed by the outstanding florists (Hablitz C.I., Pallas P.S., Bieberstein F.K., Steven C.C., Aggeenko V.N., Wulf E.V., Rubtzov N.I., Golubev V.N.). Despite of considerable changes in the list of species and subspecies, a new continuing author's revision of the Crimean plant diversity gives the estimate that fluctuates around the level of 2700 that fits well phytogeographical rules.

     The article comprises comparative investigation of the flower peduncle in three floating hydrophytes from the Danube Delta. The anatomical features of the peduncle structure of Nymphaea alba L., Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & Sm. and Hydrocharis morsus-ranaeL. are in accordance with their floating nature. Each peduncle tissue has been described and discussed, illustrations included. 

     The characteristics of the rare plant species, growing on the territory of the Kherson region (Ukraine) – 7 species of Algae, 10 species of Bryophyta, 1 species of Licopodiophyta, 4 species of  Polypodiophyta, 1 species of Pinophyta and 107 species of Magnoliophyta is given in the article. It is pointed out in which nature preservation document each species is included.

      It was analyzed the international experience of formation of the national econets. Ideology of econet’s creation in Ukraine has been considered, and there have been described the main stages of its formation. The prospective scheme of the econet of the Chernigov Region’s northern part is presented.

      The disturbution and ecologo-coenotic pecularities two rare species Allium regelianum and Ferula orientalis(included in Addition I Bern`s convention)to region “Ascania Nova” Biosphere Reserve are shown. The syntaxonomic scheme of the vegetation whith participant this species are present. The study vegetations rating to Festuco-Limonietea Karpov et Mirkin 1986, in composition  Carici praecoxi-Elytrigietalia pseudocaesiae ord. nova.

      The comparative study of growth and efficiency of Nepeta cataria var. citriodora Dum. and Elsholtzia stauntonii Benth. on subirrigation in a Steppe zone and Southern coast of Crimea is given.

      The express-method of qualitative estimation of proazulenes in plants in the basis of microchemical reaction proazulenes with potassium metylate in a phosphoric acid (85 %) is offered. The results of study the proazulenes localization, and also changes of the contents chamazulene in essential oil of Achillea collina from a collection of Nikita botanical garden are given. 

      The review of a problem stability to a drought of plants wheat and phenomena connected to it on molecular, subcellular, cellular, tissue, оrgan and оrganism levels; the examples of artificial populations (varieties) wheat are given, which have the genetically determined features stability to a drought, the mechanisms and directions of researches of adaptive features of plants wheat to deficiency of a moisture (drought) and raised temperatures are opened.

      The volumes of cells, nuclei and nucleoli as well аs nucleus – cytoplasm and  nucleus – nucleolus ratio in developing male and female gametophytes from species and forms in the genera Triticum L., Secale L. and Triticosecale Wittmark as well as F₁  T. aestivum x S. cereale were determined. The changers of there indices during development gametophytes were regular. Some crises periods in development gametophytes as well as signs of normal or pathological course of gametogenesis of cereals have been determined.  The hypothesis on connection between degree of the chromatin condensation and quantity of cytoplasm in female gametes been substantiаited. 

      Critical review of species composition of the genus Leveillula in Ukraine is presented. L. contractirostris Heluta et Simonian, L. cylindrospora U. Braun, L. duriaei (Lév.) U. Braun, L. helichrysi Heluta et Simonian, L. lactucarum Durrieu et Rostam, L. taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud, and L. verbasci (Jacz.) Golovin are recorded for the territory. Furthermore, a number of specimens turned out to be Leveillula sp. (L. scolymi (Prost) Durrieu et Rostam, nom. inval.) or were not identified to the species level. The key for identification of presented species and maps of their distribution in Ukraine are given. It is concluded that the boundary of natural habitat of the genus Leveillula follows the territory of Ukraine.

      The list of the lichen forming fungi of the Yalta Mountain-Forest Nature Reserve (AR Crimea, Ukraine) are included 335 species of 105 genera, 42 families, 12 orders. Among them 59 species – new for reserve, 13 – new for Crimea peninsula. The species Lecidea hypoptoides (Nyl.) Nyl., Micarea globulosella (Nyl.) Coppins, Protoparmelia oleagina (Harm.) Coppins, Solenopsora grisea (Bagl.) Kotlov,S. marina (Zahlbr.) Zahlbr. are reported for the fist time for Ukraine. The lichen ecology and locations are reported.