The family Apiaceae includes more than 400 genera and from 3,500 to 4,000 species, distributed on all continents except Antarctica, with the greatest diversity in temperate latitudes and mountain systems, mainly in Europe, North America, but most often in Asia. In Ukraine, there are 74 genera and 161 species (including subspecies), of which more than half of the genera (48) are represented by only one species. Significant nomenclature changes have taken place in many genera and species. In particular, Archangelica is included in the genus Angelica; Siella erecta is fell in the genus Berula. Laserpitium alpinum is recognized as a synonym for L. krapffii, and L. hispidus and L. prutenicum are included in the new genus Silphiodaucus, isolated on the basis of molecular data. New to the flora of the region are Bilacunaria microcarpos, Bupleurum commutatum, B. testiculatum, Bifora testiculata, Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Ferulago aucheri. Significant changes have been made in the nomenclature names of a number of species and their authors. In particular, the new priority genus (and species) names are Mutellina purpurea (Ligusticum mutellina), Myrrhoides nodosa (Physocaulis nodosus). Priority names are Angelica sylvestris (A. montana), Anthriscus sylvestris (A. nemorosa), Buniun microcarpum (B. ferulaceum), Bupleurum multinerve (B. ranunculoides auct.), Cenolophium fischeri (C. denudatum), Conioselinum tataricum (C. vaginatum auct.), Palimbia rediviva (P. salsa), Scandix australis (S. taurica), Heracleum villosum (H. stevenii), H. wilhelmsii (H. mantegazzianum) and others. Significant nomenclature changes have occurred in the genus Pimpinella, which recognizes such microspecies from the aggregate complex of P. saxifraga aggr., as: P. austriasca, P. dissecta, P. hircina. Pimpinella lithophila, P. titanophila and P. tragium s. str. form a complex taxonomic aggregate, which is characterized by a wide range of variability in the dissection of the plate of basal leaves. Therefore, the concept of the only polymorphic species of P. tragium s. l. for Eastern Europe is the most reasonable within which all these taxa should be recognized as subspecies morphologically related to transitions. Segregate genera such as Cervaria, Dichoropetalum, Macroselinum, Oreoselinum have been singled out from the genus Peucedanum, but their alternative names, which are currently used for the genus Peucedanum s. l. The genus Hydrocotyle L. is included in the family Araliaceae, which is confirmed by molecular data (nucleotide sequences). The family Araliaceae has from 40 to 70 genera and from 850 to 1650 species, distributed mainly in tropical, partly in temperate latitudes; in the flora of Ukraine – two genera and three species.ttexttexttexttexttexttexttextte xttexttexttexttexttex ttexttexttexttexttexttexttext texttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttextt exttexttexttexttex ttexttexttexttexttexttexttexttex ttexttexttextt exttexttexttexttexttexttex ttexttexttexttextt exttexttexttexttex ttexttexttexttexttexttex ttexttexttexttexttextt exttextt exttexttexttextte xttexttexttexttexttex ttext texttexttext

Centaurea borysthenica is a local endemic of Ukraine. The phylogenetic position, evolutionary history, and taxonomic status of this controversial species were clarified. The independent status of Centaurea borysthenica as a part of C. arenaria agg. was recognized based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2) and chloroplast (rpl32-trnL) sequences of four populations (including two from locus classicus). The species-specific features of C. borysthenica were updated. We recognize the hybridogenic origin of C. borysthenica from C. arenaria agg. (maternal genotype), and a hypothetical species with a unique endemic Eastern European ribotype (paternal genotype). The haplotype of all studied populations was identical to haplotype of C. arenaria and C. odessana that differs from all known haplotypes of C. stoebe s.l. By ribotype, C. borysthenica is an alloploid with a combination of two ITS alleles, one of them belongs to the so-called Balkan ribotype inherent of C. arenaria and C. odessana (reference sequence MW383495), the other belongs to the unique so-called Ukrainian ribotype 3 (reference sequence MW383493 with substitutions 83.Y>C, 458.Y>T). The studied specimens with the phenotype «C. borysthenica» from four populations of Zaporizhzhya, Mykolaiv, and Dnipropetrovsk regions were recognized as secondary hybrids between C. borysthenica and different species of the Centaurea section (especially C. diffusa and C. stoebe s.l.). All these secondary hybrids retain the C. borysthenica haplotype, and the ribotype contains at least one of the alleles of this species is either Balkan or Eastern Ukrainian (the so-called Ukrainian ribotype 3).

The idea of a syntaxonomic class at the current level of development of the vegetation science has been considered. We analyzed the classical definition of the class provided by J. Braun-Blanquet as well as the criteria of the class, which were mentioned and applied by various authors during the phytosociology development: floristic, ecological, physiognomic, chorological, evolutionary, and applicable. When considering the floristic criterion, we paid attention on the concept of absolute diagnostic species and illustrated existing problems in distinguishing and recognition of some vegetation classes of Ukraine, as well as the problem of class inflation by examples from recently published syntaxonomic surveys of Europe and Ukraine. We developed the modern ideas about the spatial arrangement of phytocenoses and their scale dimensions. The presented review demonstrated that the main approach to distinguishing the vegetation class should remain floristic and sociological. Other criteria can serve as additional arguments when delineation borders in vegetation continuum, checking working hypotheses and making syntaxonomic decisions, especially in cases where the object of research is located in a comprehensive multidimensional space. Ecological, physiognomic, chorological, evolutionary as well as applicable criteria should not play a key role and logically correlate with the floristic criterion. We tried to prove the fallacy of listing Poetea bulbosae and Saginetea maritimae classes for Ukraine based on the analysis of compliance with the main criteria for class recognition. Different approaches to dividing classes into groups according to their quality have been also considered. We assume that over the next decade, increasing the representativeness of phytosociological data for Ukraine and Europe will allow an objective assessment of the quality of vegetation classes using statistical methods.

Ergasiophytes of Seymskyi Regional Landscape Park (Sumy Oblast, Ukraine) have been studied. The species composition of the group area established. Ergasiophytes are represented by 100 species from 90 genera and 40 families of vascular plants. Their systematic and biomorphological structure have been analyzed. Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Brassicaceae, Juglandaceae and Vitaceae are dominant families. Phanerophytes (42; 42%) predominate among life forms; therophytes (29; 29%) and hemicryptophytes (25; 25%) are represented by a smaller number of species. All species, with the exception of Secale cereale (archaeophyte), are classified as kenophytes according to the time of introduction. Species of North American origin significantly predominate (33; 33%), Asian species (13; 13%), in particular, East Asian (7; 7%) and Mediterranean (12; 12%) are significantly less common. The largest group is colonophytes (29; 29%) by the degree of naturalization, the following positions occupied by ephemerophytes (22; 22%), agrio-epoecophytes and ergasiophygophytes – 15 species each (15%). The stable component of the flora of the park is 63%. Acer negundo, Robinia pseudoacacia and Solidago canadensis are xeno-ergasiophytes with an invasive status in the region and are dangerous for the phytobiota of the studied area. Potentially invasive species that have a tendency to naturalize in natural habitats and dominate in plant communities are identified: Asclepias syriaca, Parthenocissus inserta, Rudbeckia hirta, Amorpha fruticosa, Lupinus polyphyllus, Heliopsis scabra. The participation of the abovementioned species in different types of habitats analyzed and maps of their distribution in the park were compiled for further monitoring. The beginning of introduction of species that have few localities in the territory of the park, but tend to run wild near the places of introduction with subsequent distribution, was noted: Thladiantha dubia, Silphium perfoliatum, Helianthus tuberosus, Hemerocallis fulva, Rosa rugosa, Caragana arborescens.

Dicranum viride has not been the subject of a special studies in Ukraine until now, and there was no information about phytocoenotic peculiarities of the species. It is listed in a number of international red lists. In Ukraine, M.F. Boiko defined it as a rare species in certain regions. In the Ukrainian Carpathians, this species occurs more or less evenly in all floristic regions, except for the Transcarpathian lowland and the Transcarpathian foothills, at altitudes of 400–800 m a.s.l.. We revealed for the first time the locality of D. viride in the foothills of the Volcanic Ridge in the height range of 197–212 m a.s.l. In total, 27 new observation of this species were recorded on the Volcanic Ridge at altitudes of 195–800 m a.s.l., whereas until now only two finds were reported in the literature. Namely, 15 finds (55,6%) were recorded on stones, 9 on tree bark (33,3%), 3 on logs (11,1%). In the conditions of the Volcanic Carpathians, at the lowest relative altitudes of its distribution, the species prefers stone substrates, while according to literary data, within Europe it occurs mainly on the trunks of living trees in the height range of 300–1200 m a.s.l. Base on 12 relevés, a new association of Dicranetum viridis is described within the class of Frullanio dilatatae-Leucodontetea sciuroidis of the Dicranetalia scoparii order, Dicrano scopariiHypnion filiformis alliance. Dicranum viride occurs with a cover of 1 to 5 points (on the Brown-Blanquet scale). It was revealed that Hypnum cupressiforme is a constant species in the communities. It should be noted that Homalothecium sericeum, Paraleucobryum longifolium, Schistidium apocarpum, and Isothecium alopecuroides most ofthen grow in the communities on stone substrates, while such species as Leucodon sciuroides, Orthotrichum patens, Anomodon viticulosus, Pseudanomodon attenuatus are permanent on a bark of trees. Furthermore, a comparative description of the species composition of the communities from the Ukrainian and Polish Carpathians is given. Also, a number of bryophytes such as Leucodon sciuroides, Porella platyphylla, Anomodon viticulosus, Pseudanomodon attenuatus, Orthotrichum patens, Radula complanata, Metzgeria furcata, Frullania dilatata, Isothecium alopecuroides, Ulota crispa were recorded as part of bryocommunities, which occur mainly in undisturbed or pristine forests. In order to preserve the gene pool of D. viride in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the creation of a forest reserve in the vicinity of the city of Uzhhorod in the Chervenytskyi forest tract is proposed, where the largest number of its licalities were recorded.