Data on 103 rare or overlooked lichenized, lichenicolous and lichen-allied fungi from Ukrainian Carpathians are provided. Among them, 29 lichen-forming fungi, three lichenicolous fungi and one (facultatively lichenicolous) algicolous fungus are new to Ukraine: Absconditella sphagnorum, Adelolecia kolaensis, Arthonia muscigena, Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Biatora albohyalina, Brodoa atrofusca, Bryodina rhypariza, Calicium pinastri, Caloplaca fuscorufa, C. isidiigera, Carbonea invadens, Catillaria croatica, Cryptodiscus gloeocapsa, Cystocoleus ebeneus, Epigloea medioincrassata, Gyalidea fritzei, Lecidea pullata, Lecidella patavina, Melaspilea granitophila, Micarea turfosa, Monodictys epilepraria, Opegrapha corticola, Phaeographis inusta, Polyblastia schaereriana, Protothelenella sphinctrinoides, Psilolechia clavulifera, Pycnora leucococca, Rinodina orculata, Sclerococcum griseisporodochium, Thelocarpon robustum auct. brit., non Eitner, Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea and Vezdaea stipitata. There is no reliable/confirmed record of Brodoa intestiniformis from Ukrainian Carpathians; all herbarium samples named as such proved to be B. atrofusca or were misidentified. All references to Chaenotheca cinerea in checklists which consider Ukraine are erroneous or very dubious, thus our record is the first reliable for Ukraine, as are our collections of Caloplaca conversa and Lecidea sphaerella. Although Multiclavula mucida and Schaereria fuscocinerea are absent from lichen checklists of Eastern Carpathians and Ukraine, they have been reported from the territory in previous published Czech or Ukrainian papers. Pertusaria ophthalmiza was recorded from Ukraine, incorrectly as P. multipuncta, but the presence of true P. multipuncta (Turner) Nyl. (non auct.) is uncertain in Ukraine. Phaeographis dendritica and Biatora meiocarpoides should be excluded from upcoming lists of Ukrainian lichens; the former is incorrectly reported from Ukrainian Carpathians and the latter is a synonym of Micarea lithinella.

In the review, the indicator role of bryophytes of Ukraine is elucidated. Bryophytes are among the most sensitive and stable indicators of environmental condition. Most of bog mosses and some of true mosses  are trophoindicators for different types of bogs. Bryophytes are indicators of habitat peculiarities, they indicate the quality of the habitats. Some moss species are indicators of substrates with predominance of a particular chemical compound. They respond to anthropogenic influence, which affects the steppe and forest ecosystems and constitute digressive series, which indicate the degree of anthropogenic transformation of coenoses in these ecosystems. Bryophytes are recognized as indicators of urbanization degree, pollution of residential areas, they are test objects for display of air pollution and indicators of heavy metal accumulation in ecosystems.

The life forms of mosses in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine is discussed. Three life forms (low loose sod, flat carpet, low dense turf) are shown to be dominate within the whole region studied as well in its subprovinces. Some changes (reduction or increase) in biomorphs’ fraction within the subprovinces are explained by special features of regional bryoflora.

The paper contains information on false powdery mildew and white rust fungi (order Peronosporales) that were collected on plants of open ground in Botanical Garden of І.І. Mechnikov Odessa National University. As a result 15 species of Peronosporales were found to parasitize 15 species of plants belonging to 15 genera and 10 families. Most of species belongs to the genus Peronospora (12 species), genera Albugo and Plasmopara contained 2 and 1 species respectively.

Species composition and distribution of myxomycetes were studied in various ecotopes and plant communities of Dunais’ky biosphere reserve. 16 species were found in forest (pine, willow, poplar and mixed), psammophytic and inundated communities. Fuligo septica (L.) F.H. Wigg. was recognized as the most wide spread species  in forest communities, especially in pine plantations of Pinus pallasiana D. Don. Tubulifera arachnoidea Jacq. was revealed in poplar,  Lamproderma ovoideum Meyl  and Reticularia olivacea (Ehrenb.) Fr. – in willow forests only. In psammophytic communities with Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. and Leymus sabulosus (M. Bieb.) Tzvelev at the sand beaches of the Black Sea gulfs, Badhamia melanospora Speg., Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O.F. Müll.) T. Macbr., Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers., Ph. pusillum (Berk. et M.A. Curtis) G. Lister were collected once only.

There are presented new records of coprophilous Ascomycota representatives collected in the Crimea in 2008–2009. Characters of their morphology, ecology, taxonomy and localities in Ukraine are discussed. Delitschia marchalii Berl. et Vogl. in Sacc., Lasiobolus intermedius J.L.Bezerra et Kimbr., Phomatospora minutissima (P. Crouan et H. Crouan) N. Lundq., Podospora australis (Speg.) Niessl,P. communis (Speg.) Niessl,Saccobolus minimus Velen.,Sordaria superba De Not., Sporormiella dubia S.I. Ahmed et Cain та Zygopleurage zygospora (Speg.) Boedijn. are first recorded in Ukraine. Descriptions, illustrations, synonyms and general distribution are provided for such species. Rare species Ascobolus albidus P. Crouan et H. Crouan, Coprotus luteus Kimbr., Podospora decipiens (G. Winter ex Fuckel) Niessl, Saccobolus truncatus Velen., Schizothecium vesticola (Berk. et Broome) Lundq.and Trichobolus sphaerosporus Kimbr. have been also revealed.

Recommended procedure are working out for determinating melliferous properties of species in the genus Nepeta L. Nectariferous and melliferous properties of Nepeta grandiflora M.Bieb., N. transcucasica Grossh., N. mussinii Spreng. ex Henckel  that introduced in  M. M. Grishko National Botanical Garden of the National Academic Sciences of Ukraine (forest-steppe  of Ukraine) are determined for the first time. The results obtained evidence these species can be used as melliferous plants.

The article elucidates possibility of obtaining spirocompounds by condensation of carbonyl compounds with carbamides and growth regulating activity of derivatives.

A new for science species of mosses Aulacomnium аrenopaludosum Boiko is described. The turfs are small, dense, yellow-green. The stem is erect, branched, rarely simple, to 0-,5-1,5 cm high. There are always many pseudopodia with leaf-like gemmae gathered together on their tops. Rhizoid tomentum is only in the lower part of a stem – up to 3-5 leaves, brownish. The  leaves are decurrent (up to 7 cells), turned away only in the middle part – to 2/3 of length, in the top third are flat, with acuminate or integrate, unevenly cutting or toothed top. Rib does not reach a few cells up to the leaf top, sligthly enlarged at the base, becomes thinner to the top.  Old leaves consist of more collenchyme cells. In the lower cornes of the leaf base, cells are not coloured, transparent, in old leaves only occasionally somewhat dirty-yellow coloured, often only one cell is coloured. Cells are situated in 1-3 rows along the leaf edge from leaf base upward. Vegetative propagation occurs by leaf-like gemmae. Sterile species, sporogonia are unknown. Collected from the southern vicinity of the Halytsynove village, Zhovtnevyi district, Mycolaivsky region and in Burcutska forest area, Golopristanskiy district of Khersonskaya region, Ukraine. The moss grows on plants’ remains in small marshes with Betula borysthenica Klokov and bush willows Salix sp. The new species differs from the close related species – Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr. и Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwaegr.– by stable characters with habitual similarity to Aulacomnium androgynum.

Some new nomenclature combinations in Achillea L., Buglossoides Moench, Lotus L., Pseudolisymachion Opiz, Pulsatilla Mill. та Ranunculus L. are proposed.

In connection with the creation of the Bulgarian part of the European ecological network Natura 2000 eleven types of habitats of European significance have been determined in the Stara Planina Mt. (Western), the northernmost part of Znepole region and the westernmost part of Sofia region. Two habitats (6240 – Sub-pannonic steppe grasslands and 40А0 – Sub-continental peri-pannonic scrub) are of a priority according to the Directive 92/43/EEC. The habitats most commonly met are – 6510 (Lowland hay meadows), followed by 6240 (Sub-pannonic steppe grasslands) and 6210 (Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates). The rest of the habitat types - 6520, 62A0 and 6410 have been ascertained twice or thrice and 6440, 6230 and 6110, 8210 were found as single formations. The habitats studied are known for Bulgaria, but their precise localities in the Western Stara Planina are reported for the first time.

Flora of nature territories situated along the Krynka River basin is described. 149 of 1182 species of vascular plants found here are rare ones. The map that show basic elements of  a regional ecologicalal network is made. Topological efficiency of the ecological network in the Krynka River basin is characterized to be low. The reserved territory in the Krynka River basin can be increased up to 5%. All local florae studied are offered to be included in two regional landscape parks’ territories “Donetworksky Cryazh” and “Zuyivsky”.

New data about distribution of rare and endangered species Tulipa gesneriana L. in the Steppe zone of Ukraine are given in this article. These results were obtained during the field investigations in the Black Sea Coast lowland, the Donets’k chain of hills, the southern spurs of the Serednyorossiys’ka upland and the Crimea peninsula.