Current status of studying mire vegetation in  Ukraine is  elucidated. It is proved that these investigations is connected with development of  general mire science together with requests of the national  economics. The results of investigations and achievements of Ukrainian school of mire science in geobotanical, stratigraphic directions and plant conservation  together with  challenges are reviewed.

The results of critical taxonomic study of the genus Vicia L. in the flora of Ukraine are presented. The analysis of species of the genus in Ukraine (38 species) is given according to the modified  system, which includes 4 subgenera, 12 sections and 11 subsections.

The list of loculoascomycetes of the Botanical garden of Kherson State University  is presented with 28 species from 20 genera, 13 families and 3 orders of classis Dothideomycetes . Taxonomical structure, ecological and trophic features of the fungi are  discussed.

The data  on current composition of phytoplankton dominant complex of Eastern Sivash (Ukraine) together with the analysis of its changes from the beginning of the XXth century up to the recent time are presented. Changes in phytoplankton community composition from euhalobic-polyhalobic, euhalobic and mesohalobic are shown  during the XXth century up to oligo-mesohalobic at the beginning of the XXI century. Such tendency is associated with the modern data about desalination process of Eastern Sivash at the recent time.

It was investigated the species composition and especially of distribution the seaweeds in connection with ecological conditions of different areas of Odessa coastal. Was show that lowering of salinity and increasing level of pollution lead to simplification the structure of bottom phytocenosis and reduce their floristic diversity.

The effect of heavy metals Zn²⁺,  Pb²⁺ and  Ni²⁺ on free proline content and superoxide dismutase activity in mosses Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. The effect of Cu²⁺ and Cr⁶⁺, low and high temperatures and osmotic stress in relation to proline content and catalase activity were estimated in liverwort Marсhantia polymorpha. It was found that proline accumulation was more pronounced under high temperatures and osmotic stress than in the presence of heavy metals. It is concluded that in tolerant species stress conditions may enhance protective processes such as accumulation of free proline and increase in the activities of detoxifying enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Typical morphological changes of epiphytic moss transplantats under the impact of environmental pollution in the city of Makeyevka (Donetsk region) are  revealed. It is found that the degree of morphological characteristics of Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. (=Ortotrichum fallax Bruch.) and Leptodictium riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. positively correlates with the level of air pollution. These species can serve as the informative indicators of air quality in an industrial region. Relatively highly tolerance of Leskea polycarpa Hedw.  to intensive air pollution is confirmed. The degree of anthropogenic pressure in three zones of Makeyevka (Donetsk region) is determined.

The effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidative enzymes in shoots of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica is  studied. It was shown that proper concentrations of H₂O₂ does not lead to accumulation of lipoperoxidation products, but modulate evidently the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Increasing of catalase and peroxidase activity under the influence of 1 and 10 mM H₂O₂ is  revealed. Decreasing of glutathione reductase activity under the influence of Н₂О₂ is  recognized with change of redox-status in the plant cells as possible cause of it.

On the base of individual and common characters, general ecological and biological features of small populations of rare plant species in the high mountain zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians are  stated.  An indicator characters for evaluating their viability are determined. The most important among them the genetic variability, effective and general number, habitat area, number dynamic, especially for flowering individuals; efficiency of seed and vegetative reproduction; intrapopulation variability; vitality, variability and duration of individual ontogeny; mutual effect of neighbouring species . Some aspects of ecological structure of small populations of different life forms species at nature conditions and under the anthropogenic factors are  elucidated.