Таксономічне різноманіття, структура й фітогеографічні особливості флори межиріччя річок Південний Буг–Синюха–Ятрань (Голованівський район, Кіровоградська область)
Ключові слова:
біорізноманіття, аборигенні рослини, чужорідні рослини, ксенофіти, гемерофіти, географічний аналіз, Правобережний ЛісостепАнотація
Наведено результати узагальнюючого флористичного дослідження межиріччя Південного Бугу, Синюхи і Ятрані в межах Кіровоградської області, виконаного упродовж 1994–2025 років на основі польових досліджень, критичного опрацювання літературних даних та гербарних матеріалів. Складено конспект спонтанної флори, який охоплює 1134 види, підвиди і гібриди судинних рослин із 480 родів і 97 родин, з яких 811 (71,5%) є аборигенними, а 323 (28,5%) – чужорідними. За способом імміграції в адвентивній фракції флори ксенофіти (51,4%) дещо переважають над гемерофітами (45,8%), що відображає сільськогосподарську спеціалізацію регіону; ще 2,8% належать до проміжної групи ергазіоксенофітів. Географічний спектр аборигенної фракції визначається переважанням палеарктичного (33,1%), євразійського степового (15,4%), європейсько-середземноморського (14,1%), європейського (13,4%) та субсередземно-морського (11,8%) геоелементів за низької участі європейсько-сибірського (1,8%) та бореального (1,7%) геоелементів, що відображає південно-лісостеповий характер флори. Походження адвентивної фракції є гетерогенним, однак переважають таксони субсередземноморського походження (43,0%) за значної участі азійських (20,1%) та американських (19,5%) видів. У біоморфологічній структурі аборигенної фракції домінують багаторічні трави (64,1%) і гемікриптофіти (60,1%), а загальна частка деревних рослин складає 10,6%; тоді як у чужорідній – малорічні рослини (62,5%) і терофіти (50,2%); ксенофіти представлені переважно однорічними травами, а гемерофіти відзначаються високою часткою деревних форм, що сприяє їх закріпленню в різних типах угруповань. Фітогеографічні особливості флори зумовлені її міграційним і периферійним характером, внаслідок розташування в межах лесової рівнини Середнього Побужжя, на віддалі від центрів формотворення та потенційних рефугіумів давніх елементів рослинного покриву. Проаналізовано імміграційний статус низки видів на регіональному рівні. Зокрема, Cotinus coggygria і Thymelaea passerina розглянуто як аборигенні елементи флори, пов’язані з природними біотопами долини Південного Бугу. Низку таксонів, зокрема, Centaurea stoebe subsp. australis, Polygonum arenastrum і Sedum sexangulare, у складі дослідженої флори віднесено до адвентивної фракції. Також відзначено групу таксонів із ознаками природного розширення ареалів у південній смузі Лісостепу: Anthriscus cerefolium, Cyperus glomeratus, Lactuca saligna, Phragmites australis subsp. isiacus.
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