Чекліст флори України. 15. Родина Salicaceae (Malpighiales, Angiosperms)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2025-21-3-1Ключові слова:
анотований список, поширення, вид, підвид, рід, родина, систематика, номенклатура, синоніми, гербарні зразки, Каховське водосховищеАнотація
У флорі України родина Salicaceae представлена двома родами: Populus і Salix. Рід Populus включає 4 автохтонних види (один з яких гібридогенного походження) та 8 видів, що часто культивуються (два з яких є гібридами – нотовидами). Крім того, в ботанічних садах та дендраріях культивуються ще багато інших видів та форм. Синонімом P. alba, який дуже варіює за розмірами і формою листків, є назва P. bolleana, яка раніше використовувалася для позначення окремого виду. Назва P. candicans є синонімом P. balsamifera, що широко культивується на більшій частині території країни, головним чином в Лісостепу і Степу і нерідко дичавіє. Для України вид P. canadensis наводиться під двома назвами: P. canadensis і як P. deltoides (останній в Україні не зростає). Рід Salix в Україні представлений 23 автохтонними видами, а також багатьма гібридними формами. Не підтверджено зростання в Україні таких видів, як: S. hastata (для Карпат), S. reticulata (для Карпат), S. repens (для західних областей). У гербаріях України немає жодного автентичного зразка цих видів. Усі дані про зростання в Україні S. repens насправді стосуються S. rosmarinofolia, від якого S. repens відрізняється ширшими ланцетними або еліптичними листками, із загнутою верхівкою й краями листків та коротко-циліндричними сережками. До сих пір не підтверджено зростання в Україні S. xerophila, назва якого за сучасною номенклатурою вважається синонімом S. bebbiana. Це вид з широким розірваним ареалом, який охоплює Північну Америку, Північно-Східну Європу, Західний Сибір та Південно-Східну Азію і в Україну не заходить. В роді Salix є також багато номенклатурних змін. Зокрема, cинонімом типової S. babylonica є назва S. matsudana, що раніше помилково визнавалася за окремий вид з дрібнішими листками. Назви S. × elegantissima і S. × blanda є синонімами типової нотоформи S. × pendulina nothof. pendulina, що широко культивується в Україні. Вид S. rhetica для України (Карпат) наводився помилково, замість S. phylicifolia. В Україні також культивується багато інших видів та гібридних форм роду Salix. Аналіз літературних даних показує, що заміна видової назви S. fragilis на S. euxina, як і заміна назви гібриду S. × rubens (S. alba × S. fragilis) на S. × fragilis (S. alba × S. euxina) є некоректними і повинні бути відхилені.
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