Флора парку-пам’ятки садового паркового мистецтва «Синицький парк» (Черкаська область)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu1990-553X/2024-20-4-4Ключові слова:
біорізноманіття, інтродукція, натуралізація, паркознавство, флора, чужорідні видиАнотація
На території парку-пам’ятки садово-паркового мистецтва місцевого значення «Синицький парк» (Уманський район Черкаської області) упродовж 2021–2024 років були проведені таксаційна інвентаризація деревних насаджень та дослідження спонтанної флори. З’ясовано, що основу насаджень становить віковий ясеновий деревостан, доповнений Fagus sylvatica, Larix sibirica, Picea obovata, Tilia americana var. heterophylla. Загалом у насадженнях парку виявлено 263 вікових дерева 19-ти видів. Час створення основного масиву парку – 1880–1900 роки. У складі флори виявлено 388 таксонів дикорослих і культивованих рослин, що належать до 75-ти родин. Спонтанна флора включає 326 видів і підвидів, серед яких 234 аборигенні та 92 адвентивні таксони. Серед адвентивних рослин ксенофіти (61,3 %) переважають над ергазіофігофітами (38,7 %). У географічній структурі спонтанної флори переважають широкоареальні види (60,3 %) та види з європейським (13,3 %) і європейсько-субсередземноморським (19,3 %) типами ареалів. Адвентивна фракція флори сформувалася з переважанням видів субсередземноморського (40,8 %), азійського (19,4 %) та американського (18,3 %) походження. За біоморфологічною структурою в аборигенній фракції флори переважають (59,2 %) багаторічні трав’яні рослини, в адвентивній фракції – малорічні трав’яні рослини (62,0 %). За еколого-ценотичною структурою серед аборигенних рослин переважають (30,0 %) сильванти. Інвазійну активність у насадженнях парку виявляють ергазіофігофіти: Acer negundo, Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis, Morus alba, Parthenocissus vitacea, Salix × fragilis. Вперше на території парку виявлено Chenopodium ucrainicum, Lonicera xylosteum і Vitis labrusca. Нові знахідки значно доповнюють хорологію цих видів. Подальшого моніторингу потребує натуралізація на території парку видів Crataegus × media і Picea abies (у цих видів відмічено самосів), Menispermum dauricum, Tilia americana var. heterophylla, Toxicodendron rydbergii (ці види вегетативно розмножуються в місцях культивування).
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