Micro- and macro morphology of vegetative (stems, leaves) and generative (inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds) organs of Euphrasia taurica Ganesch. ex Popl. were studied.  Its distributional, phytocoenotic and ecological features of this Crimean endemic species were studied and mapped. It is determined, that E. taurica grows the rocky slopes, yailas in rare plant communities of Junipereta hemisphaericae and Cariceta humilis. The conditions of some populations of this species were studied.Some of them have decreasing number and density of plants of its populations last years. This species is recommended to include in Red Data Book of Ukraine. 

The surface ultrastructure of seeds coat of the genus Gladiolus L. of the Ukrainian flora was examined. The studied seeds of genus Gladiolus species of the flora of Ukraine are characterized both common and distinct features. The common features are shape and position of cicatricle (rectangular, small, by position – basal), type of cuticle (wrinkled, well developed in all investigated seeds), form and limits of cells of test (polygonal, their boundaries are clearly visible), anticlinal cell walls (uniformly thickened, straight). These features, we suggest, could be additional diagnostic at the genera level. The distinct characteristics are seeds shape, the presence and position of the wing, the level of periclinal cell walls of seed coat, and the type of relief. We suppose these characteristics are additional diagnostic at the species level on which basis we propose the key to determine the species of the genus Gladiolus.

In this study the influence of moisture and light on the crop value of Ledum palustre L. coenopopulations within the Rivne and Volyn regions was analyzed. The maximum resource productivity of coenopopulations of ledum is 135.8 ± 0.7 g/m². It was found in blueberry-ledum-sphagnum pineries, which are characterized by a high degree of moisture (88.5 %) and low soil trophic (2.5 %) with 30 thousands lux illumination. To provide the highest output of essential oils from raw materials it should be gathered in a phase of mass flowering. Content of ledol in essential oil has the highest rates in the early fruits ripening. The highest content of tannins is in the late phase of fruiting. Found that resource and phytochemical peaks of cenopopulations of Ledum palustre L. in Rivne and Volyn regions do not match, which should be considered when planning the harvesting. The optimum conditions and terms of harvesting of raw material were defined.

The article gives information about the new species for Ukraine Karstenula shepherdiae (Peck) ME Barr, as well as the locations of rare loculoascomycetes Didymosphaeria larsenii Munk, Leptosphaeria modesta (Desm.) Rabenh. and Pleospora longispora Speg. on the territory of the steppe zone. Nomenclatural information, anatomical and morphological description , especially ecology, general distribution and location in Ukraine are given. Micromycetes’ consorts connection with feeding plants: K. shepherdiae identified on dry twigs of Spiraea media Schmidt., D. larsenii on dry stems of Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald. and Tribulus terrestris L., Leptosphaeria modesta on dry stems and peduncles of Scabiosa usrainica L. are identified.

46 species of seaweeds in coastal waters of Zmeiny island in 2003–2013 were determined (Chlorophyta – 18; Rhodophyta – 23 і Phaeophyta – 5), including Cladophora hutchinsiae – new species for algae flora of Ukraine. Also it was revealed 6 species of benthos Cyanoprokaryota. On island in streamlet 4 species of fresh algae-macrophytes and 1 species of water moss – Leptodictyum riparium were founded. There are four rare species, of algae listed in Red Data Book of Ukraine, in the phytobenthos of studied area: Punctaria latifolia, Chroodactylon ornatum, Stylonema alsidii and Ulva maeoticа. Annual meso- and olygosaprobic groups of algae dominate in structure of macrophytobenthos coastal island.

It was established 11 typical features of adaptive strategy of the bryophytes as descendants of the first embryophytes, which represent gametophytic direction of the higher plants’ evolution. Each of the feature of strategy is briefly described and noted different from the vascular plants biological, morphological, physiological and genetic characteristics of adaptation. It was shown that poikilohydry and desiccation tolerance are one of the determinative features of ecophysiological adaptation of bryophytes.

35 species of the order Erysiphales, 16 species of the order Peronosporales and 36 species of the order Pucciniales are recorded for the investigated territory. One species of the order Albuginales were presented on the TiligulEstuary coast. 73 identified species are noted in the territory of two the same names regional landscape parks «Tiligulsky» (Mykolaiv and Odessa oblast). Some species of powdery mildew and rust fungi were found on the plants listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009), the European Red List and the List of CITES.

The species composition of soil algae and micromycetes was studied in forest plantations and cretaceous chalk outcrops in the Eastern Steppe of Ukraine within the Kharkiv region. The systematic structure of mycobiota and algaeflora of the studied plots was similar to the species contents in forest cenoses of Eastern Europe, with the prevalence of Penicillium fungi and Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta algae. The total species diversity of micobiota was equally rich in forest plantations and on chalk outcrops, whereas algae species diversity was higher in the forest soils. In forest plantations and on chalk outcrops with woody coverage the changes of the algae species number with the soil depths, as well as during comparison of different plots, were directed oppositely to that of changes of micromycetes species number. It was shown that the similarity in species composition of micromycetes and algae in all types of soils under woody covering depends mostly on the territorial distance between studied plots, and under grassy covering – mostly on the phytocenosis contents.

The species composition of algae forest floor in artificial oak and silver-chain plantations in Zaporizhia region was studied. Found 65 species of algae, including Chlorophyta – 41 species, Cyanophyta – 11, Xanthophyta – 7, Bacillariophyta – 4 and Eustigmatophyta – 2. The basis of algae communities are representatives of Phormidiaceae, Pleurochloridaceae, Chlamydomonadaceae, Bracteacoccaceae, Myrmeciaceae and Chlorellaceae. Analysis of ecological structure of investigated algae showed a significant predominance of edaphophilic species. Data of the vertical distribution of algae in the profile of forest floor and seasonal changes in the structure algae communities is provided.

Pulsatilla bohemica (Skalický) Tzvelev – rare species included in the Red Book of Ukraine half efemeroid, monocentric kaudeks of polycarpic. The article describes the features of spatial and demographic structure of the populations of P. bohemica in the reserves (national park "Bug Guard") and urbanized (suburban zone of Kiev metropolis) territories. Complex flora of affinity, breadth of ecological and coenotic activity, especially population structure of the species in their optimum and the northern limits of the range are analysed. The major anthropogenic factors that had a negative impact on populations of P. bohemica were studied. Proposed conservation actions ex situ and in situ.

Territory of the National park “Tuzlovski lymany”, in our view, is rather strongly transformed. Therefore, at the study of this territory flora we paid the special attention to the presence of synanthropic species of higher vascular plants. By results of primary researches, 149 species of synanthropic plants were found which make 52,28 % from the common amount of species of Park flora. The most species are alien fraction. The most of alien plants are epecofytes. Distributing of species from fraction is more even. For the separate floras of estuaries coast there is the substantial varying of synanthropic species amont. Prevailing of alien fraction species is also observed. The list of the found types of plants with high invasion ability is given.

The plants of Orchis picta Loisel.collected in Chornomorski Biosferical Reserve were observed. The infectivity of plant sap and viral capability to transmit in mechanical manner were confirmed. The spherical particles with diameter about 50 nm and 80-100 nm were observed in preparations from test-plants’ symptomatic leaf in transmission electron microscope. According to viral morphology these pathogens of O. picta  may be  members of Caulimoviridae and Tospovirus respectively.

Results of biomorphological, geographic and ecological-coenotic analyses of 113 plant species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009) which are cultivated in collection plot “Rare and endangered plants of the natural flora of Ukraine” in the O.V. Fomin Botanical Garden of the National Taras Schevchenko University of Kyiv are given in the article. Perspective groups of rare plants according to their biomorphological, geographical, ecological and coenotic opportunities were selected for future successful introduction investigations. We believe that further introduction researches should focus on zonal rare species which are represented in flora of Kyiv and Kyiv region. Introduction investigations of other species should continue only in special exhibits that their conditions meet ecological-coenotic needs of these species. Also information about the cultivation of plants from "Red Book of Ukraine" in introduction centers of Ukraine are given in the article.

Study of anatomical and morphological characters of interspecific hybrids F₁ and starting diploid plants lavender showed that hybrids have significant differences on a number of indicators. This article provides an anatomical and morphological description of the cross section of leaf Lavandula latifolia Medic. (2n, 4n), Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (2n, 4x) and interspecific hybrids containing one parent species genome. Anatomical study of leaf structure of interspecific hybrids showed that the leaf along with their acquired xeromorphic signs of Lavandula latifolia mesomorphic signs of Lavandula angustifolia. F₁ hybrids have been a shift from xeromorphic signs to kseromezomorfed. The relationship between the anatomical features of leaves of interspecific hybrids with their productivity, which can be used in genetic and breeding work with lavender is shown.

The analyze of successfulness of introduction to 5 species of Exochorda Lindl. genus in The Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine was carried out. It was established that all species of the Exochorda genus have adapted successfully to the new conditions of the secondary area. They characterized by high level of adaptation – IV and full acclimatization – 100 %. According to estimation of their viability, all these plants should be taken to the first group of perspective for further introduction to The Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.