For forest tree species analyzed their intrapopulation structure, which was based on analysis of the ecosystem status of different groups of plants. It is shown that the formation of distinct intrapopulation structural groups (cohorts) is one of the consequences of general biological features characteristic of these plant life forms. Cohort formed of plants from a number of different characteristics (age, size, vitality etc.). It is an objective basis for a range of methods tested in the study population as a whole, for the study of structural intrapopulation groups. The theoretical analysis of the intrapopulation structure problem of forest-forming tree species was supplemented by its consideration on example of Acer platanoides.

The phytocoenotical researches of Halych National Natural Park reservoirs vegetation have been made during 1998–2003 and 2007–2012. They differed on their origin and overgrowing degree. Dniester relict reservoirs and its branches, forest karsts lakes, ponds and Burstyn reservoirs, quarry reservoirs, areas with surface flooding soil were researched. 235 phytocoenotical descriptions have been done. Vegetation classifications were carried out by Brown-Blanke method. 37 syntaxones of association rank were pointed out. They belonged to 13 alliances, 5 orders, 3 classes. The coastal-water groups of Phragmito-Magnocaricetea class, specifically of Phragmitetum communis association, occupied the largest areas of every type reservoirs. Potametea class had the most syntaxonomy diversity. Its groups were common in the central part of relict lakes and less in artificial reservoirs. Lemnetea class groups were marked at shoals.

We have evaluated the dynamics and bioindicative informative of Populus nigra L. leaf blade asymmetry indicators: the degree of pseudo-symmetry form of the leaf blade in general, the asymmetry coefficient of shape of the top, and the asymmetry coefficient of shape of the base. Value of the pseudo-symmetry forms index varies from 0,5485 to 0,9796. The value of the asymmetry coefficient of shape of the top for all samples varies from 0,000 to 0,253, and of the asymmetry coefficient of shape of the base – from от 0,000 to 0,152. The asymmetry coefficient of shape of the base is the best indicator of the environment state of the three analyzed parameters of P. nigra leaf blade asymmetry. This index divides best samples of the leaf blades from less transformed ecosystems and ecosystems with significant anthropogenic pressure.

The article presents the results of studies of seed populations of Monarda fistulosa L. and Monarda citriodora L., grown in sub fescue-feather grass steppes of Ukraine steppe zone (territory of the State Enterprise «Research Farm «Novokahovske» Nikita Botanical Gardens-National Science Center, Kherson region, Ukraine). It has been identified four forms (3–12, 4–12, 5–12, 6–12) of the plants Monarda fistulosa of local reproduction that obtained by free pollination varieties copies ‘Premier’ and ‘Fortuna’. These forms differ in habit and number of shoots, flower color intensity, color and leaf form plate morphometric parameters of the plant and the timing of flowering . here forms were selected in Monarda citriodora (1–11, 2–12, 3–12) which differ in terms of early flowering, duration of flowering, degree of drought, habitus and the number of whorls of inflorescence. New forms of both species were selected for further breeding, further study and utilization in breeding.

In this article the data about collections on the territory of Ukraine of some interesting representatives of the genera Bolbitius and Pholiotina are presented. This is the result of investigation of specimens from the National herbarium of Ukraine (KW) as well as the author’s personal collections. As result, the data about both new for this country species (Bolbitius lacteus, Pholiotina parvula and P. sulcata) and unknown before locations of some already recorded here taxa (Bolbitius reticulatus, Pholiotina brunnea, P. coprophila, P. mairei and P. vestita) are obtained.

We present the methods for phenotype evaluation, which give good chances to identify taxa larger according to the anatomical and morphological features. The basic idea is to evaluate characters having regard to completeness and reproducibility. We composed a list of about 100 basic characters and propose standardized ways of measuring them.  We also present a list of morphological and anatomical terms with their standardized meaning.  Basic rules for collecting, preparing and measuring lichen material are described. The proposed phenotypic evaluation process has two levels: (1) a pilot study is carried out on a restricted number of samples, but all available characters are evaluated; (2) a detailed study of a large number of samples that includes only potentially diagnostic features that are chosen for the pilot study according to their discriminatory weight.

The paper deals with the bryoflora of coenoses, which are associated with chalk slopes and chalky soil in the valleys of Oskil and Vovcha rivers including an area of “Dvorichanskyi” National Nature Park, “Vovchanskyi” and “Siverskodonetskyi” reserves. The annotated list consists of 2 liverwort species and 80 species and varieties of bryophytes, their localities and abundances are listed. Six species are reported as new to Kharkiv region. Among them Tortella inclinata is recorded for the first time to Left-Bank Graminae-Meadow Steppe of Ukraine and Weissia levieri is included to the Red Data Book of European bryophytes. Taxonomic and ecologic patterns of investigated bryoflora are briefly analyzed. A comparison of studied bryoflora with bryofloras of “Medobory’ and “Belohorie” natural reserves is provided.

Authors distinguished 31 key areas of the national and 65 ones of regional level for the region territory. Their plant cover is various and represented by zone types of vegetation. It is identified that the rare fund of key areas of the national level counts 132 associations, and of the regional level are 100 associations. Rare associations were analysed by character of associatedness of populations in community, autosozological significance of dominants, botany-geographical significance, sozological status and was made sozological categorization. It is defined that physical vanishing, environment change and contamination are the principal threats for rarity phytodiversity.

The annotated list of vascular plants of the seaside-steppe part of the Northern Pryazov’ya (which a former Berdyansk military training area and is valuable from the botanical point of view) is presented. It still has fragments of native grass-fescue-feather grass steppes of Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R.Tx. in Br.-Bl. 1949 class. Flora of the steppe area, which is about 3,000 hectares has 531 species of vascular plants, that is about 34% of the flora of Zaporozhye region. On this site 38 rare plant species grow, three of which have international protection status, 7 has national, and 28 has regional status. Taking into account floristic and phytocoenotic diversity, it is proposed to create a national botanical reserve «Berdyansk steppe» on part of this area.

The information on the protection and preservation of Pulsatilla grandis Wender. in Ukraine is given. Protection of species ex situ and in situ in Ukraine is analyzed. Found that species listed in international instruments and regional Red Book lists species that need protection at the local level in Ukraine and Europe. Despite that primary habitat of  P. Grandis are faded, the area undergoes regressive changes, and its decline and fragmentation is observed. The disappearance of the species from the natural flora of Ukraine is due to anthropogenic influence. Found that P. grandis  protection in Ukraine is insufficient. Type occurs in a small number of natural reserve fund. In Ukraine P. grandis is protected in nature reserve “Medobory”, in the National Park “Galician”, “Dniester Canyon”, “Karmelyukove Podillya”, “Kremenetsky mountains”, “Podilskii Tovtry”, “Northern Podillya”, “Hotinskaya”, a number of  reserves (27) and natural monuments (6). Species is  grown and propagated in 13 botanical gardens and 3 dendrological parks in Ukraine. To maintain and restore populations of P. grandis five botanical reserves of local importance, 1 botanical reserve of national importance, and one tract to be included in the zone of controlled recreation of Park “Podilski Tovtry”. In the future, of all the location P. grandis is offered to take under protection.

Based on research and analysis of information of rare species and plant communities of Volyns’ka Upland, a list of rare communities and species that require protection at national and regional levels is given. The characteristics and representativeness of rare forest plant communities of the region with detailed study of their characteristics are specified. The list of plant communities that are rare in the region is given and the feasibility of preserving and further investigation is proved. Priority focus on today is the study of forest ecosystems as they provide conservation and restoration of biodiversity at all levels of organization of living organisms. 15 species of rare plants, included into the Red Data Book of Ukraine and 20 species from the regional Red lists were found in the forests of Volhynian upland. The list of rare plant communities counts 4 associations included into the Green Data Book of Ukraine and 3 associations that were proposed for the regional protection.

Today information about biotopes for conservation of flora and vegetation becomes  more and more important. Territory of National Natural park "Podilski Tovtry" is located on the verge of European deciduous forests and the Eurasian steppe areas. Prevailing territories are reclamation of land. The insignificant areas of natural and seminatural landscapes are covered by a plant cover (forest, meadows, meadows- steppe, steppe, lime-stones, bogs, water-fringe and water communities). The biotopes of NNP are given  in accordance with a classification chart for the forest and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine. The quantitative indexes of different levels of biotopes of different classifications, that are used in Europe, are compared . The results of analysis of types of biotopes of NNP are described. The places of distribution of separate valuable biotopes are specified.